Animal Life Histories

Compare and contrast the life histories (life cycles) of invertebrate animals from different phyla using specific animal examples. Include in your answer: a. a description of fertilization, cleavage, and embryonic development of eggs with different amounts of yolk b. the many advantages of life histories that include a larval stage for marine animals and for insects c. a description of the life history of parasitic trematode worms and the features that increase reproductive success even though the life histories are complex and must pass through multiple hosts d. the advantages of asexual reproduction and the advantages of sexual reproduction