energy management and the environment
energy management and the environment
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1. Estimate the cost of the electricity used (at $0.3/kWh) for one month (January) for each of the following
a) Ten 100-W bulbs for 6 hours per day
b) Colour TV set for 5 hours per day
c) Night-light of 1 W left on continuously
2. What are the benefits of using energy efficient lighting? (100 words)
3. The facility Manager want to replace 34 W F40T12 lamps with 10 W LED lamps in 200 4-lamp fixtures which are operated for 3128 hours /year in an air conditioned facility. Assume F40T12 34-watt costs $2 each and lasts 20,000 h, while 10 W LED costs $12 each and lasts about 30000 h. Electric energy cost is $ 0.3 per kWh. The demand charge is $6 per KVA/month. Air-conditioner runs one third of the lamp annual operating time. The EER (Energy Efficiency ratio) of the air conditioner is 3. EER in this context is the ratio of cooling output (kW) to the electric power input to the air conditioner (kW).
Calculate:
a) The annual cooling energy saving on the air-conditioner load (in kWh)
b) The overall annual electricity energy saving, which can be achieved (in kWh)
c) The payback period of this energy saving opportunity investment
Use the following Assumptions
All the light energy of both lamps will be converted into heat energy and instantly added to the cooling load.
Power factor of all the equipment is one
AC runs for 12 months for purpose of cooling.
The lights operate for 12 months but do not operate continuously for 24hrs/Day.
The overhead costs, such as labour cost for replacement is not included. Assume any replacement cost per each fixture.
The BF (Ballast factor) for both Florescent and LED bulbs equal 1.25.
4. Discuss what tri-generation is and how energy recovery is used in this technology to improve energy efficiency. (200 words)
5. What are heat pumps? What makes them an efficient method of air conditioning? Should they be used in very cold climates to provide air conditioning? (200 words
